Lesson 17: dataclasses — less boilerplate

Ever counted how many lines a constructor, __eq__, and pretty printing take? Python counted — and built a shortcut: @dataclass. One decorator above the class, a list of attributes — and all the boilerplate is written for you. Having understood how it works inside, you've earned the shortcut.

@dataclass is like a ready-made form: instead of drafting the same letter from scratch each time, you fill in only the fields — the rest is pre-written.

@dataclass: A decorator from the dataclasses module auto-generating __init__, __eq__, and a print representation from the attribute list.
boilerplate: Code repeating almost identically in every class — like a constructor storing parameters as attributes.